Taxation system in eastern DR Congo conflict zone – CNDP taxation on local resources

Militias, as here from DRC, put considerable emphasis upon controlling entrance roads to cities and the road network, as well as ports, in order…

Forests and conflicts

Around the world, conflicts and wars are taking a toll on forests and on the communities that rely on them for their livelihood. Dense…

Rhino, and other wildlife, smuggling routes to and from Nepal

Rhinos were hunted intensively during the war in Nepal in the early to mid 2000s, with catastrophic effects to habitats such as Bardia National…

Saiga antelope populations

Saigas have been hunted since prehistoric times and today poaching remains the primary threat to this critically endangered species. Following the collapse of the…

The illegal charcoal trade controlled by Al Shabaab

Al Shabaab’s main income appears to be from charcoal, and taxing of other commodities, as well as possibly ex-pat finance. At a single roadblock…

Dhow racing in the afternoon, Zanzibar

Zanzibar is a semi-autonomous part of Tanzania, in East Africa. It is composed of the Zanzibar Archipelago in the Indian Ocean, 25–50 kilometres off…

Anchored in algae, Zanzibar

Zanzibar is a semi-autonomous part of Tanzania, in East Africa. It is composed of the Zanzibar Archipelago in the Indian Ocean, 25–50 kilometres off…

A fisherman’s dhow, Zanzibar

Zanzibar is a semi-autonomous part of Tanzania, in East Africa. It is composed of the Zanzibar Archipelago in the Indian Ocean, 25–50 kilometres off…

Drying cultivated algae, Zanzibar

Zanzibar is a semi-autonomous part of Tanzania, in East Africa. It is composed of the Zanzibar Archipelago in the Indian Ocean, 25–50 kilometres off…