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Annual temperature increase for 2001-2005 relative to 1951-1980
Sea-surface and land-surface temperature changes. Change in ocean sea-surface temperature and temperature over land from 2001 to 2005, relative to the 1951-1980 mean (Hansen…
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Global primary energy consumption and global CO2 emission
The figure on the left shows historical consumption from 1900 to 2009 and the GEA scenario’s projections for the period 2010 to 2050. The…
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Stability conditions for gas hydrates
Idealized phase diagrams illustrating where methane hydrate is stable in marine and permafrost settings. Hydrate can exist at depths where the temperature (blue curve)…
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Resource pyramid for gas hydrates
The total in-place natural gas resources represented globally by methane hydrates are enormous, but they occur in a wide range of accumulation types. As…
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First order reservoir simulation modeling
Figure to assess the response of a gas hydrate reservoir to depressurization-based production. Frame A shows gas and water production rates, frame B shows…
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Chemosynthetic habitats
Chemosynthetic habitats generated by different fluid flow rates, including transport of methane, as well as the sulphide resulting from anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM),…
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Morphology of a tube worm hosting sulphide-oxidizing symbionts
Tube worms host their symbionts in the trophosome, a specialized organ. Oxygen (O2), sulphide (HS–), and carbon dioxide (CO2) are taken up from the…
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Hydrogen to carbon ratio of global primary energy, 1860- 2009
The ratio is expressed in fractional shares of hydrogen and carbon in average primary energy consumed.
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Host sediment control of gas hydrate occurrence form
Gas hydrates are primarily found in unconsolidated sands (upper row) or clays (center row). Hydrates also commonly occur in thin, hydrate-bearing sand layers separated…
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A gas hydrate prospect delineated on the Alaska North Slope
The image shows geophysically-inferred gas hydrate trapped within a sand layer at the intersection of two fault planes (green).
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East Siberian Arctic Shelf (ESAS)
The ESAS makes up a quarter of the Arctic shelf area (Shakhova et al. 2010a), with an average depth of only 58 metres (Jakobsson…
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Sedimentary layers and gas migration pathways
In this conceptual model, gas cannot easily reach the sediment surface of the continental slope without being transformed to gas hydrates or diverted upslope…