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General schematic showing typical modes of gas hydrate occurrence relative to the geologic environment
Thin (A) and thickly veined (B) sediment-displacing gas hydrates (white) in fine-grained sediment (grey); (C) pore-filling gas hydrates in sand; (D) gas hydrate mounds…
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The carbon cycle
Carbon moves through the atmosphere, biosphere, geosphere, and hydrosphere.Gas hydrates (orange) are shown in marine sediments, but are also buried beneath permafrost sediment in…
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Future change in bottom-water temperatures at the sea floor
Changes are given in °C per 100 years as predicted by the Kiel Climate Model (KCM) (Park et al. 2009), for a pCO2 increase…
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Gas hydrates resource potential by global regions
This figure includes only that subset of global in-place gas hydrates that appear to occur at high concentrations in sand-rich reservoirs, the most likely…
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Well completion for gas hydrate production
Well schematics show possible horizontal and vertical well completions for a gas hydrate production well employing the depressurization technique.
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Schematic of a submarine slide triggered by gas hydrate dissociation
In theory, gas pressure generated by methane released during gas hydrate dissociation weakens the sediment and provides a glide plane for sediment failure. In…
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Selected gas hydrate study areas
The yellow squares indicate a few of the historically-significant gas hydrate research sites, along with locations where gas hydrates have been recovered from depths…
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Primary sources of methane release
Methane emissions due to human-related activities, shown to the right of the volcano, account for approximately 70 per cent of the total emissions (Reeburgh…
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Gas hydrate landmark findings
Timeline of major milestones in gas hydrate (GH) research.
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Effect of arctic bottom-water warming on gas hydrate stability
Left: Changes in the thickness of the GHSZ caused by the bottom-water temperature increase depicted in Figure 3.5. Above left: Volumetric GHSZ thickness changes…
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Penetration of heat into marine sediments
The left panel shows the increase in temperature with depth for sediments, located at 1000 metres water depth, that are exposed to linear bottom-water…
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Predicted increase in global mean surface-air temperatures
Increases are relative to 1980–1999 for different emission scenarios (IPCC 2007). The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere (pCO2) is assumed to…