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Durban wastewater recycling project and benefits
The revenue from the sale of the treated wastewater for industrial use covers almost all operation and maintenance costs of the treatment plant. After…
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CapVal project financial flows
Figure presents the typical financial flow from a recently implemented model in Kumasi, Ghana. The main sources of revenue are from sales of African…
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The CEA 2 business model
To improve acceptance of wastewater reclamation, several awareness campaigns are organized with the media and in schools (Onyango, Leslie and Wood 2014). There are…
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Variants of CEA 2
In this CEA, sewered wastewater is treated to meet quality standards for drinking. There are three possible pathways to convert wastewater into drinking water:…
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Picture from cyclone Idai in Zimbabwe
The damage due to cyclone Idai was felt beyond Mozambique. According to Chatiza (2019), when cyclone Idai struck Zimbabwe in March 2019, it affected…
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Ratio of people infected with soil transmitted helminths (STHs)
Soil transmitted helminths (STHs) are parasites that live in soil. Infection is caused by the ingestion of the parasitic eggs from four main species…
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Schistosomiasis prevalence in Africa
Schistosomiasis, also referred to as ‘bilharzia’ and ‘snail fever’, affects more than 200 million people, the majority of whom live in sub-Saharan Africa (Lai…
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Trachoma prevalence in children aged 1-9
Trachoma is a bacterial eye infection that is responsible for vision impairment in about 1.9 million people globally (WHO 2018d). The global trend of…
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Cholera incidences in Africa
Cholera cases are decreasing worldwide, but in Africa both endemic occurrences (continual cases) and periodic epidemics persist. Sub-Saharan Africa bears the biggest cholera burden…
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Handling and storage of water in the household
Physical distance and time required to collect water is important, as water quality has been shown to deteriorate between collection at the source (even…
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Definition of water sources and service level
In many areas in Africa, water systems are under stress as a result of rapid population growth, increasing pollution and changing rainfall patterns. UNICEF…
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Improved versus unimproved sanitation
Improving access to safe sanitation facilities can be especially beneficial to women and girls, as they are more vulnerable to violence when using public…